Asteraceae flower morphology pdf

Compositae the uniqueness of the aster or sunflower family is that what first seems to be a single large flower is actually a composite of many smaller flowers. The entire structure is surrounded by involucral bracts br giving an impression of a single flower. Flower morphology and floral sequence in artemisia annua asteraceae 1. The following is a list of some of the major genera and. The flower and blossom morphology of asteraceae correlates with composition of their pollinators. Us wildflowers database of family asteraceae wildflowers. The plants are characterized by their composite flower heads and oneseeded achene fruits.

In a pseudanthium, a group of flowers and bracts modified leaves have evolved to mimic a single flower. The asteraceae asters, daisy or sunflower family or compositae composites are a very large and diverse group of flowering plants angiosperms with some 1620 genera and over 23 000 species. Glandular hairs and secretory ducts of matricaria chamomilla asteraceae. Asteraceae or compositae is a very large and widespread family of flowering plants. They have a unique type of inflorescence consisting of many tiny flowers aggregated together in a flower head a capitulum that forms a false flower. Glandular hairs and secretory ducts of matricaria chamomilla. Recent molecular data indicate that asteraceae flower heads resemble single flowers not only morphologically but also at molecular level. With more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world, asteraceae is one of the largest plant families. Article in russian dlusskii gm, glazunova kp, lavrova nv. Students can download bio botany chapter 4 reproductive morphology questions and answers, notes pdf, samacheer kalvi 11th bio botany book solutions guide pdf helps you to revise the complete tamilnadu state board new syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. The most distinctive feature of asteraceae is their inflorescence structure, the highly compressed inflorescence branch system called the capitulum or flower head, in which all the flowers are attached to a receptacle that is surrounded by involucral. Studies on pollen morphology of asteraceae in indonesia are still very few. Apr 25, 2018 there are several types of capitulum in the asteraceae due to different combinations of florets varying in corolla shape and stamen development. The flowers are the feature that distinguishes this family from all other plant families.

In this section we will examine the general structure of the flower. The relationships within the asteraceae asteroideaeare scrutinized by means of cladistic analyses of morphological and chemical data. Pollen morphology of the genus paralychnophora vernonieae. Most members of the aster family in new england are annual or perennial herbs. Pdf pollen grain morphology of some selected species of. List of plants in the family asteraceae britannica. Pdf asteraceae, also called compositae, is one of the largest angiospermic. A complete flower, like that of ranunculus glaberrimus shown in the figure, has a calyx of outer sepals and a corolla of inner petals.

The present work tests that hypothesis and attempts to shed light. The arrow shows the large subcuticular chamber of the. In this way the family name asteraceae is made up by using the name aster and adding aceae. The flower is the main distinguishing characteristic of the flowering plants angiosperms. This document is a qualitative risk assessment of senecio inaequidens dc. Tribal grouping of the family was also performed by bentham phylogenetics of 1873 who recognized tribes and this classification is still in use today robinson bremer 1987. Taxonomic significance of cypsela morphology in tribe cichoreae asteraceae using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Introduction plants can be identified by observing certain distinguishing morphological characteristics. In asteraceae family the inflorescence is capitylum. Morphology of the flower flower is highly modified reproductive shoot.

Flowers of asteraceae have conspicuous features that are important at the tribal level, such as the branches of the style, pappus, shape of the corolla, and anthers. The floral ontogeny of ten brazilian weed species of asteraceae was performed for conyza bonariensis l. Although flowers come in various shapes, sizes and colours, they are all based on the same plan. Asteraceae, the aster, daisy, or composite family of the floweringplant order asterales. Microscopical analysis of pollen of plants forged by bees is an established method to determine the source of honey in the area. Mustard oil is obtained from 1 brassica compestris 2 brassica oleracea 3 brassica rapa 4 iberis amara 14. The flower head of the asteraceae family is its iconic trait, yet little is known about its development. The flower is the characteristic structure concerned with sexual reproduction in flowering plants angiosperms. Setyowati 2008 observed the pollen morphology of eight asteraceae species in yogyakarta to determine the kinship among them, namely aster novaeangliae, cosmos sulphureus, eupatorium, tagetes patula, wedelia prostrata, and zinnia elegans. Among other characteristics, cleistogamy generally entails a reduction in flower size, one that particularly affects the corolla and androecium. An example of the huge variation in floral and inflorescence structures is seen in the sunflower family, asteraceae that bears complex inflorescences capitula that are comprised of structurally and functionally different types of flowers.

Morphology the secretory ducts showed the same morpholfig. As the ovule grows the nucellus degenerates and, in ha 89, cf 17 and p 30, is no longer present at the four nuclei gametophyte stage while it persists in dk 4050 until the mature gametophyte stage. Pagni department of biology, university of pisa, via luca ghini 5, i56126, italy corresponding authors email. The corolla of the ray flower may have 2 tiny teeth opposite the 3lobed strap, or tongue, indicating evolution by fusion from an originally 5. Morphological and functional changes of the floret whorls of mikania urticifolia hook. Phylogenetic,lmplications of pollen morphology and. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny in osteospermum ecklonis. Linear glandular trichomes of helianthus asteraceae. Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy of three asteraceae.

Flower morphology and pollination in mikania asteraceae. Phylogenetic,lmplications of pollen morphology and ultrastructure in the barnadesioideae asteraceae zaiming zhao1, john j. Asteraceae assembles multiple flowers into a single, highly compressed structure. The most obvious and outstanding general feature of asteraceae is that the flowers are grouped characteristically into compact inflorescences heads that superficially resemble individual flowers. Capitulum is a pseudanthium, a false flower that superficially mimics a single flower but is a highly aggregated structure comprised of multiple. His research is currently focused on the systematics and. To begin to identify plants using morphological characteristics. They show remarkable variation in growth form and general morphology because they occur in so many different localities and habitats. Previous studies have shown that the formation of ray florets on a radiate capitulum may be related to the parallel cooption of cyc2like genes among independent asteraceae lineages.

Apr 20, 2018 in asteraceae family the inflorescence is capitylum. Glandular hair of ligulate flower formed of two basal cells, two peduncle cells and a secretory head composed of six cells. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Inflorescence and floral ontogeny in osteospermum ecklonis asteraceae mohammad reza dadpour, a somayeh naghiloo, b gholamreza gohari a.

Pollen morphology of brazilian species of verbesina l. The head capitulum is an inflorescence and a number of capitula are often aggregated together to form a secondary inflorescence or synflorescence. Phylogenetic studies in smallanthus millerieae, asteraceae. Flowers vary enormously in their construction morphology. The objective of this paper was to describe and compare the morphology and anatomy of mature leaves of mikania glomerata spreng. The profitability of butterfly foraging depends in part on the corolla depth and clustering of flowers, and the tongue length, body mass and wing loading of butterflies. Longitudinal and transversal sections of mature leaf blades of the three species were analyzed at the apex. Asteraceae is among the largest families of plants with more than 23,000 species that occupy all the continents except antarctica jeffrey, 2007. Fossil pollen records have been used recently to shed light on the time of origin of asteraceae. Seed morphology of the centaurea species asteraceae in iran elaheh sadat bagheri shabestari 1, farideh attar2, hosein riahi, masoud sheidai1 1 shahid beheshti university, gc, faculty of biological sciences, tehran, iran, email. Morphology of seed plants download ebook pdf, epub. Molecular control of inflorescence development in asteraceae.

A typical flower consists of four distinct circles of whorls of floral leaves, the calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium, arranged on the thalamus. Morphology and phylogenetic interrelationships of the. Januarymarch 2019 129 most studies involving pollen morphology of verbesina have been descriptive, such as goncalves 1976, who. The family is divided into three subfamilies and a number of tribes. Wetzstein hy1, porter ja1, janick j2, ferreira jf3. Flower head development in the asteraceae family nicholas. The flower and blossom morphology of asteraceae correlates.

View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Click download or read online button to get morphology of seed plants book now. The term is sometimes used in other plant families such as asclepiadaceae milkweeds, whose seeds have a similar structure attached, although it is not related to the calyx of the flower the asteraceae pappus may be composed of. It is the largest family of dicotyledons, comprising 950 genera and 20,000 species, out of which 697 species occur in india. These plants have composite flowers which are actually flower like inflorescences. Cypsela morphology is often used to help determine plant relationships at the genus. In this study, we compare, from a structural point of view, the changes observed in cleistogamous cl flower heads of the annual herb centaurea melitensis to the changes in chasmogamous ch heads. Morphology of flowering plants family asteraceae or. The calyx comprises of usually green floral leaves. Asteraceae family is the largest family of angiosperms. Krak and mraz 2008 used the trichome morphology for classification of the tribe lactuceae asteraceae. To introduce plant nomenclature and classification.

Pdf the asteraceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants. Samacheer kalvi 11th bio botany solutions chapter 4. Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of compositae pdf. Students can download bio botany chapter 4 reproductive morphology questions and answers, notes pdf, samacheer kalvi 11th bio botany book solutions guide pdf helps you to revise the complete tamilnadu state board new syllabus and score. There are several types of capitulum in the asteraceae due to different combinations of florets varying in corolla shape and stamen development. Asteraceae, eupatorieae in relation to pollination and the role of floral visitors have been observed in two argentine localities. In this thesis, we carried out an investigation into the role of auxin in flower head development and. The corolla of the ray flower may have 2 tiny teeth opposite the 3lobed strap, or tongue, indicating evolution by fusion from an originally 5part corolla. Flower morphology and floral sequence in artemisia annua. Dissecta flower pdf introduction to flower structure.

Pollen morphology and diversity of twelve species of the asteraceae were collected from different locations within ileife, south western nigeria and acetolysed. Flower morphology and floral sequence in artemisia annua asteraceae 1 article in american journal of botany 1015 may 2014 with 108 reads how we measure reads. Plant morphology inflorescence asteraceae compositae. Inflorescences in the asteraceae plant family, flower heads, or capitula, mimic single flowers but are highly compressed structures composed of multiple flowers. This transference of a flower like appearance into an inflorescence level is considered as the key innovation for the rapid tribal radiation of asteraceae. Devore4 1section of integrative biology and plant resources center, university of texas at austin, austin, texas 78712 2department of botany and microbiology, university. A pseudanthium false flower is one of the most successful traits that has recurred throughout the evolution of angiosperms harris, 1999. Pollen morphology of eight tribes of asteraceae from universitas. Pdf flower morphology and pollination in mikania asteraceae.

Asteraceae plants of the aster or sunflower family previously known as the composite family. Flower heads in asteraceaerecruitment of conserved. Morphological phylogenetics of the asteraceaeasteroideae. However, often in literature and also in this chapter, the term ray flower is used to refer to marginal flowers independently of their morphology. The composite inflorescence, capitulum, or flower head in. Flowers and their arrangement in inflorescences have a key role for the reproductive success of plants as well as for crop yield. Aug 18, 2016 flowers of asteraceae have conspicuous features that are important at the tribal level, such as the branches of the style, pappus, shape of the corolla, and anthers. Plant morphology inflorescence asteraceae compositae longitudinal section. Taxonomic significance of cypsela morphology in tribe. Us wildflowers database of family asteraceae wildflowers for all states click on thumbnail for larger version of image, scientific name for detail page.

Seed morphology of the centaurea species asteraceae in iran. Plant morphology pdf introduction to floral morphology lesson. The aster family asteraceae is one of the largest angiosperm families, with more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world. In this vein, we have analyzed morphological data in order to establish the immediate familial interrelationships of the asteraceae and those families most frequently considered to be the closest relatives, in particular the calyceraceae, campanulaceae, and goodeniaceae. Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy of three asteraceae species brazilian archives of biology and technology 7 d g c f a h e figure 1 a. Genera are rather illdefined, which can make the writing of efficient keys difficult you should be able to identify the following structures. Each such head is ordinarily subtended by an involucre of small modified leaves bracts. Flowers of asteraceae the flower that you see is actually a head composed of many small florets. Heliantheae asteraceae diagramacao e x ciel publishing chema br acta botanica brasilica 331. We will look at the generalized flower to become familiar with flower parts.

Asteridae, starting from the type family asteraceae. Besides ngt, they also observed multiseriate composed of two or more cell rows gt with a multicellular head, uniseriate gt with a multiseriate base and a unicellular head, and bi or multiseriate gt. Keller botanical research institute of texas 1700 university drive fort worth, texas 76107, u. The correlation between flower morphology and share of different insect groups visiting them was studied for 15 asteraceae species. The pappus is the modified calyx, the part of an individual floret, that surrounds the base of the corolla tube in flower heads of the plant family asteraceae. A herbaceous example of a family that is based on similarity of flower parts would be asteraceae, the aster family, of which marigolds and zinnias are members. The most common pseudanthium is the capitulum of the asteraceae daisy, sunflower family. Understanding the fundamentals of the flower head development will help construe the evolution of one of the most successful plant families. Morphology and localization of the glandular hairs of matricaria chamomilla. Two types of florets ie disc floret in the centeral part and ray floret towards the peripheral part are present.

Pollen morphology of eight tribes of asteraceae from. Asteraceae pollen dated to the eocene has also been found in egypt kedves, 1971, china song et al. A ray flower is a 3tipped 3lobed, strapshaped, individual flower in the head of some members of the family asteraceae. Earlier several studies on pollen morphology have been done worldwide raj 1969, sowunmi 1973, tomb et. New data are presented, and novel interpretations of features. Pentamerous, actinomorphic flowers, bicarpellary ovary with oblique septa, adn fruit a capsule or berry, are characteristic features of. Furthermore, in more than half the members of the family, the flowers in. As the ovule grows the nucellus degenerates and, in ha 89, cf 17 and p 30, is no longer present at the four nuclei gametophyte stage while it persists in dk 4050 until the mature. Devore4 1section of integrative biology and plant resources center, university of texas at austin, austin, texas 78712.